Your garden, one plant at a time.

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grow together.

A bed starts with one plant. Find its perfect growing company.

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BED IDEAS

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THE PLANT EXPLORER

Find a little green you love.

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A JOURNEY THROUGH PLANT EVOLUTION

Travel back to our green beginnings.

Scroll back through 470 million years. Discover the roots of the plants around you.

Today → the first land plants
  1. Today01 / 06
    Present day

    Your garden has deep roots.

    Tomatoes, basil and sunflowers belong to the flowering plants. Their family tree reaches back into the age of dinosaurs.

    Living examples · tomato, basil, sunflower
    Source · Kew
  2. ≈ 80 million years ago02 / 06
    Late Cretaceous

    The daisy family takes root.

    Fossil pollen from Antarctica places the daisy family around 80 million years ago. Sunflowers and daisies are living relatives of this ancient lineage.

    Living relatives · sunflower, daisy
    Source · Kew
  3. ≈ 130 million years ago03 / 06
    Early Cretaceous

    A world begins to bloom.

    Early flowering plants appear in the fossil record. Flowers and seeds enclosed in fruits open a new chapter; their exact evolutionary origin is still debated.

    Early-branching living lineages · water lilies, Amborella
    Source · Kew
  4. ≈ 300 million years ago04 / 06
    Late Carboniferous

    Seeds without flowers.

    Conifers have a history stretching back more than 300 million years. Their seeds develop without an enclosing fruit, unlike those of flowering plants.

    Living relatives · pines, firs, redwoods
    Source · Kew
  5. ≈ 360 million years ago05 / 06
    Early Carboniferous

    The age of fern fronds.

    The lineage of leptosporangiate ferns dates to roughly the start of the Carboniferous. Ferns reproduce by spores; many familiar fern groups diversified much later.

    Living relatives · many of today’s familiar ferns
    Source · Schuettpelz & Pryer · PNAS
  6. ≈ 470 million years ago06 / 06
    Ordovician

    A small step onto land.

    Tiny fossil spores provide evidence of early land plants around 470 million years ago. Their exact appearance and relationships remain uncertain; mosses offer a living comparison.

    Living comparison · mosses, not the same ancient species
    Source · Natural History Museum

Ma = million years ago. Dates are approximate milestones for lineages or fossils, not the ages of living species. Illustrations show living relatives or simplified forms. The timeline is not to scale.